Litigation & Dispute Resolution – Greek court system, arbitration, mediation for foreigners

Foreign parties litigating in Greece should understand court structure, timelines and available ADR options. Early strategy on jurisdiction, relief and enforcement improves outcomes.

Greek court system at a glance

Civil cases are heard by the Courts of First Instance, with appeals to Courts of Appeal and, on points of law, to the Supreme Civil and Criminal Court (Areios Pagos). Specialized procedures exist for payment orders, interim measures and certain commercial matters.

Interim relief and enforcement

Interim measures (e.g., injunctions, conservatory attachments) can protect rights pending trial. Final judgments and notarial deeds can be enforced against assets in Greece by seizure and auction, subject to procedural safeguards.

Mediation and arbitration

Mediation is encouraged under Greek law and is often required in specific disputes before filing suit. Arbitration—ad hoc or institutional—offers confidentiality and expertise; foreign awards benefit from recognition/enforcement under the New York Convention.

Cross‑border considerations

EU instruments (Brussels I recast, Service/Taking of Evidence Regulations, European Payment Order/Small Claims) facilitate jurisdiction, service and recognition. For non‑EU matters, pay careful attention to choice‑of‑law/jurisdiction and practical enforcement in Greece.

Practical timeline (typical)

• Weeks 1–4: Case intake, evidence collection, strategy, pre‑action notices or mediation (if mandatory).
• Months 2–6: Filing and service; interim measures where needed; written submissions.
• Hearing to judgment: Varies by court/backlog; plan for months rather than weeks.
• Enforcement: Asset tracing, seizures and auctions; timelines depend on remedies and defenses.

Preparation checklist

• Jurisdiction/venue analysis and choice‑of‑law review.
• Evidence plan (documents, witnesses, experts) and translations/apostilles where required.
• Budgeting for court fees, translations, experts and enforcement costs.

FAQs

• Are interim measures fast? – They can be, especially with urgency and prima facie evidence.
• Will a foreign award be enforced? – If it meets New York Convention/Greek prerequisites; a recognition proceeding is required.